中文摘要：

沼气发酵技术被认为是应对能源危机与解决环境污染的有效途径，然而低温却极大地限制了该技术的应用与推广。文章对当前低温条件下户用沼气发酵技术的研究现状进行了综述，主要从反应器、菌种、外源添加物以及发酵原料预处理几个方面展开论述，指出当前国内外对此的研究现状以及需要解决的问题，提出筛选嗜冷产甲烷菌、分析菌群间的相互关系、优化微生物群落结构等方法是今后的研究重点及突破低温沼气发酵瓶颈的关键。

英文摘要：

Biogas fermentation technique is regarded as an effective method to address energy crisis and environment pollution, however,this technique is tremendously restricted due to low temperatures. The current status and existing problems of household biogas fermentation techniques under low temperature based on household reactor, methanogenic strains, additives,and pretreatment methods on substrates, were reviewed. It pointed out that screening psychrophilic methanogens, analyzing microbial strain interaction and optimizing the structure of methanogenic community were the main research directions and key steps to break through the bottleneck of biogas fermentation under lower temperature in future.