中文摘要：

食管癌是世界第八大常见的恶性肿瘤，具有早期症状不典型、预后不良、死亡率高的特点。食管癌的发生发展伴随着一些基因的结构和功能的改变，这些改变与食管癌的易感性、治疗疗效和预后相关，有的可作为早期诊断的标志。现分别从原癌基因、抑癌基因和DNA修复基因三方面对食管鳞状细胞癌中突变频率较高的基因的突变特征、临床意义以及可能的致病机制进行概述。

英文摘要：

Esophageal cancer （EC） is the eighth common cancer all over the world. It＇s characterized by lack of typical symptoms in the early stage, poor prognosis and high death. The development and progression of EC is always accompanied with structural and functional alterations of some genes. These typical alterations of genes are related to the tumor susceptibility, prognosis and therapeutic effect, and some of them can become markers for early diagnosis. Here in this article, we are going to review the gene mutation profile in esophageal cancer, including oncogenes, anti-oncogenes and DNA repair genes, and their clinical significance.