中文摘要：

湿地保护和恢复是“京津冀一体化”中扩大环境容量生态空间和加强生态环境保护合作的重要组成部分，公众湿地认知是促进湿地制度政策完善、湿地保护与可持续利用的社会基础。城市居民通常是湿地生态系统服务的受益者，其对湿地的认知决定了湿地保护态度、行为以及从湿地中获取的效益。基于结构式问卷调查北京城区、近郊居民和非本市常住居民，并采用交叉表和卡方检验方法对比分析3组居民湿地基本常识认知度、湿地保护态度和行为。结果发现，3组居民对湿地深层次专业知识的认知度普遍较低，对部分湿地基本常识认知具有显著差异；3组居民对湿地保护态度具有较高的一致性，城区居民愿意保护湿地的人数最多，但仅有14％的居民知道《北京湿地保护条例》正式颁布实施、5％的居民参加过“观鸟”活动；与2014年相比，北京市居民湿地保护认知度有所上升。因此，应加强对公民的湿地知识宣传，提高居民湿地保护意识，建立湿地利用的奖惩机制，鼓励全社会参与湿地保护。

英文摘要：

Wetland protection and restoration is an important part of expanding the ecological space of en- vironmental capacity and strengthening the cooperation of ecological environment protection in the ＂Integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region＂ .Public cognition is a social basis for the perfection of wetland policies, wetland protection and sustainable utilization.City dwellers are usually beneficiaries of wetland ecosystem serv- ices, whose cognition determines the attitude and behavior of wetland protection and benefits obtained from the wetland.The study investigated urban, suburban and out-of-city residents in the city of Beijing, and, based on a structured questionnaire by using cross table and Chi-square test methods, analyzed their common sense, pro- tection attitude and behavior toward the wetland. The results showed that the three groups of residents are all lacking in profound professional knowledge, and that significant differences exist among them for part of the wetland basic common sense （P〈0.1） ;higher consistency was found among the three groups of residents of pro- tection attitude toward wetlands（ P〉0.1 ） ;urban residents are the most willing to protect wetlands ,but only 14% of the residents know that the protection ordinance for Beijing wetlands has been officially issued and imple- mented and 5% of them once participated in the ＂birdwatching activity＂.Compared with the situation in 2014, wetland protection cognition of Beijing residents is increasing.Therefore, it is important to strengthen publicity of wetland knowledge for the public, and improve their consciousness to protect the wetlands. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to establish a reward and punishment mechanism of wetland use, and encourage the whole socie- ty to participate in the wetland nrotection.