中文摘要：

目的：探讨肺不张支气管镜下特点与临床各因素的相关性。方法：回顾性分析1359例肺不张患者的临床资料和支气管镜下表现。结果：（1）1359例患者经支气管镜等检查明确病因1294例，支气管镜总诊断率为95．2％，其中肿瘤确诊率为85．9％；（2）男性、中老年或重度吸烟肺不张者中最多见的镜下表现是腔内菜花样肿物，女性、青年或不吸烟肺不张者则以管腔瘢痕狭窄闭塞为主；（3）腔内菜花样肿物多见于双上叶，左上叶明显多于右上叶；脓性分泌物者以右中叶居多；（4）镜下表现为菜花样或息肉样肿物者多提示为肿瘤（74．5％），其中又以鳞癌居多（55．4％）；而表现为瘢痕狭窄或闭塞者多为结核（80．6％），脓性／稀薄或血性分泌物者则多为炎症表现（92．9％）。结论：支气管镜是一种明确肺不张病因的重要手段。不同性别、年龄、吸烟量和病理类型肺不张者支气管镜下袁现各异。

英文摘要：

Objective：To investigate the association between bronchoscopic feature and some clinical factors in patients with pulmonary atelectasis. Methods：Review retrospectively the clinical data and bronchoscopic manifestation in 1359 patients with atelectasis. Result： （1） The cause for atelectasis was identified in 1294 of 1359 patients by bronchoscope and other methods. The total diagnostic rate of bronchoscopy was 95.2%, among which the rate of tumor was 85.9%. （2） The most common bronchoseopic manifestation in male, middle-aged and elderly patients or heavy smokers was the cauliflower-like mass in broncfiial lumen, while the manifestation was the cic＇atricial construction and obturation in female, youth or no-smokers. （3） The cauliflower mass in lumen was prone to grow at bilateral lung upper lobes and the purulent secretion was seen frequently at the right middle lobe. （4） The manifestation of cauliflower-like or polypoid-like mass in lumen was usually indicative to tumor （74.5%） of which squamous carcinoma （55.4%） took the first place. The bronchial cicatricial construction or obturation was always shown in patients with tuberculosis （80.6%）, and the purulence or dilute or hematodes secretion mostly in inflammation （92.9%）. Conclusion：Bronchoscopy plays an important role in etiological diagnosis of pulmonary atelectasis; Different age, sex, amount of smoking and pathologic categories for atelectasis showed a great diversity of manifestation under bronchoseope.