中文摘要：

当前干暖化的气候变化趋势对北方农牧交错带农作物生长发育产生了重要影响,研究农作物耗水特征及其与气温、降水的关系对指导当地农业生产与生态建设具有重要意义。本文以北方农牧交错带内蒙古呼和浩特市武川县为例,基于1960年-2007年的气温、降水等气象资料和1983年-2007年的土壤水分数据,分析气温、降水变化特征,划分降水年型,研究小麦、莜麦和马铃薯三种当地典型作物的生育期耗水特征,探讨气温、降水对作物耗水的影响。研究表明：近50年来,武川气候呈现干暖化趋势,生长季平均温度每年升高0.03℃,生长季降水每年减少0.9mm;近25年来,干暖化趋势更加明显,生长季平均温度每年升高0.08℃,生长季降水每年减少2.5mm;作物耗水量随之呈现减少趋势,小麦耗水量平均每年减少1.65mm,莜麦每年减少2.04mm,马铃薯每年减少3.85mm。作物耗水量在不同年型表现出差异性。马铃薯、莜麦耗水量明显多于小麦。降水变化对作物耗水量影响显著,当前气温升高、降水减少的趋势不利于北方农牧交错带作物生产,培育抗旱品种、发展抗旱栽培管理措施是适应气候变化的重要途径。

英文摘要：

There is no doubt that the warming and drying trend of climate has exerted great influences on crop development,including biomass accumulation rate and development stages.Crop water use is an important agricultural indicator and it has crucial meaning to the agro-pastoral area.Besides,it can guide the agricultural practice there.This article has analyzed the weather data（from the year of 1960 to 2007） and soil moisture data（from 1983 to 2007） of Wuchuan County which is one of the representative sites in the North Agro-pastoral Transitional Zone.With the water balance method,we have calculated the water consumption of three typical local crops：wheat,naked oat and potato.The water consumption characteristics of them as well as the effect of temperature and precipitation on the crop water consumption were studied in this paper.The results show that：1） There is a trend that the temperature is increasing but the precipitation is decreasing in the recent 5 decades.The average temperature of growing season raises 0.03 ℃ per year while the precipitation decreases 0.9 mm per year;2） This trend becomes more and more obvious in the past 25 years.For example,the average temperature of growth season increases 0.08 ℃ per year while the precipitation goes down 2.5 mm per year;3） The crop water consumption shows a slight decreasing trend with that of wheat,naked oat and potato decreases by 1.65 mm,2.04 mm and 3.85 mm per year respectively.In addition,crop water consumption changes among different precipitation years.The amount of water used by potatoes and naked oats are significantly larger than that of wheat and there is a positive relationship between water consumption of the three typical local crops and their yield.All in all,it is not reasonable to doubt that the climate change has affected the crop water consumption.The warming and drying trend of climate has exerted negative influence on agricultural development in the North Agro-Pastoral Area of China.To solve this problem,it is important to take s