中文摘要：

液滴动力学是多相流热物理学的重要基础研究方向.随着科学研究的逐步深入和工业技术的不断发展,人们发现液滴的界面可由多种物质分子组成且可出现复杂的结构,如石油工程中表面活性剂、固体颗粒等物质吸附于油水液滴界面,细胞等生物液滴由具有复杂分子组成和结构的膜包裹等.研究发现复杂的分子组成和结构使液滴界面具有剪切弹性、面积扩张弹性、抗弯特性等显著不同于普通液滴表面张力的力学性质,而复杂的界面力与流场黏性力、壁面物理化学吸附力等相互耦合导致液滴在流场中展现复杂的变形、运动、吸附等动力学行为.本文介绍了复杂液滴界面的力学性质及其模型描述,综述了近年来关于流场中复杂界面液滴的变形、运动、吸附行为的研究进展,并给出了后续研究的建议.

英文摘要：

The study of dynamics of droplets（i.e.,small volume of liquids enclosed by an interface） has been an important branch of the discipline of multiphase flow thermophysics. Usually,the interface of droplets consists of the same molecules as the two fluids inside and outside the droplets,and the interface structure is simple and uniform. Notably,it is found that the interface of some complex droplets can consist of various types of molecules that are different from the external and internal fluids and can have complex structures such as networks of macromolecules. For instance,surfactants and solid particles can appear on the interface of oil-water droplets in petrolem engineering; bio-droplets（e.g.,blood cells） are enclosed by membranes consisting of lipid bilayers supported by a network of spectrin proteins. The presence of various molecules and complex structures confers the interface of complex droplets many special mechanical properties,such as resistances to membrane deformation due to shear,area dilatation and bending. Such complex droplets are widely used for encapsulation,transport and release of active agents in numerous engineering and biomedical applications. Coupling effects among viscous stresses of the fluids inside and outside the droplet,elastic tension of the droplet interface and specific and/or non-specific adhesion forces of the channel walls confer the droplets complex dynamical behaviors of deformation,motion and adhesion in shear flows. Besides,the dynamical behaviors of complex droplets play a critical role in their functions（e.g.,encapsulation,transport and release of substances） as well as flow behaviors of droplet suspensions. Therefore,it is critical to study the dynamics of complex droplets in various types of shear flows,especially to consider the effects of complex mechanical properties of the droplet interface. Extensive studies have been dedicated to the fluid mechanics of complex droplets under flow,which are revealed to be significantly affected by the mechanical proper