中文摘要：

对水稻单胚多芽突变体4001成熟种子解剖和萌发形态观察,旨在阐明4001多芽形成的原因。在Olympus体视镜下解剖检查颖果内胚的数量,利用HP670扫描仪扫描获取芽萌发的形态图像。结果表明,4001的颖果内只有一个胚,但萌发时却出现多个芽的现象,其中58.9%的种胚具有多个芽鞘,萌发时出现多芽,多芽鞘胚缺乏鳞片,且外胚叶短小或缺失,从而导致芽鞘半裸露;芽鞘形态多样,以＂掌状＂和＂卷舌状＂等形状为多。4001萌发产生的多芽中有79.1%的是多芽多芽鞘（最主要为2芽2鞘）,其余的是多芽共一鞘,少数共用一个芽鞘、或第一叶或第二叶的多芽;多芽在大小和生长速度上无主次之分;共一鞘的多芽之间有维管束联系,但不同鞘的芽间没有维管束联系,4001一籽多芽既无主芽和次芽之分,也无主芽和蘖芽之分。4001多芽的遗传机制较为复杂,推测可能是由于转座基因突变引起。

英文摘要：

To clarify the causes of formation of multiple buds in rice mutant 4001,anatomy and morphological observation of mature seeds germination were conducted （ METHOD ） The number of grains within the embryo was checked with Olympus Endoscopic anatomy and their images were obtained by HP670 scanner.The results showed： the kernel of rice line 4001 had only one embryo but produced multiple buds after germination,indicating that 4001 was a novel mutant with multiple buds originated from the same embryo.58.9% of embryos had coleoptiles and consequently germinated multiple buds.Multi-coleoptile embryo lacked scales and ectodermals were short or absent,resulting coleoptiles half-naked.Coleoptiles morphology diverse and mainly was consisted of palmateand rolling tongueshape ones.Of multiple buds of 4001,79.1% were multi-bud and-coleoptile morphology （mainly bud and-coleoptile one）,the other was multi-bud of a coleoptile.A small number of multiple buds from a coleoptile were also observed to be enclosed by the first and second leaf commonly.Multi-buds were similar in size and growth speed.Multiple buds from a coleoptile were linked by vascular,while those from different coleoptiles were not.Thus,multiple buds of 4001 seed were neither primary and secondary buds,nor the so-called primary shoot and tiller buds.Multiple buds of 4001 were controlled by complex genetic mechanism and might be due to gene mutations caused by transposition.