中文摘要：

选用HCl和CaCl22种无机洗脱剂对矿区重金属污染土壤进行化学洗脱试验,分析比较了2种洗脱剂对土壤中Pb、Cd的洗脱效果,并探讨了洗脱剂浓度、洗脱时间、温度、固液比、洗脱次数对土壤中Pb、Cd洗脱效果的影响。结果表明,对于土壤中Pb的洗脱,HCl的效果优于CaCl2,其洗脱率分别为26.0%-68.2%和14.6%-48.7%;而对于土壤中Cd的洗脱,CaCl2优于HCl,其洗脱率分别为30.7%-54.6%和24.2%-42.6%。在各影响因素中,洗脱剂浓度对土壤中Pb的洗脱有显著影响,而洗脱次数对土壤中Cd的洗脱有显著影响,其他因素对Pb、Cd的洗脱均无显著影响。洗脱土壤中Pb的最佳操作条件为：HCl 200 mmol.L-1、时间240 min、温度20℃、m（固）∶V（液）=1∶15、洗脱2次;洗脱土壤中Cd的最佳操作条件为：CaCl250 mmol.L-1、时间240 min、温度35℃、m（固）∶V（液）=1∶20、洗脱4次。

英文摘要：

Two inorganic eluents,HCl and CaCl2,were tested in an experiment to elute Pb and Cd from heavy metal contaminated soil in a mining area for comparison of their efficiencies and for investigation of factors,such as eluent concentration,timing,temperature,solid-liquid ratio and frequency of elution,affecting elution efficiency.It was found that HCl was better than CaCl2 in removing Pb and their Pb removal rate was 26.0%-68.2% and 14.6%-48.7%,respectively,but CaCl2 was better than HCl in removing Cd and their Cd removal rate was 30.7%-54.6% and 24.2%-42.6%,respectively.Among the factors studied,eluent concentration had a significant effect on Pb removal rate,while elution frequency had on Cd removal rate.No significant impact was observed from other factors.The optimal elution conditions for Pb from soil are： HCl 200 mmol·L-1 in concentration;240 min in duration;20 ℃ in temperature;1∶15 in m（solid）∶V（liquid） ratio and 2 in frequency;whereas the conditions for Cd from soil are： CaCl2 50 mmol·L-1 in concentration;240 min in duration;35 ℃ in temperature;1∶20 in m（solid）∶V（liquid） ratio and 4 in frequency.