中文摘要：

目的：了解宜昌市阿片类物质依赖人群中戒毒治疗后复发的一般情况和复发影响因素,为复发的预防干预提供依据。方法：应用《阿片类物质依赖复发情况问卷》,在调查人员指导下,对宜昌市220名阿片类物质依赖者进行调查。问卷由被调查对象集体自行匿名填写完成,由调查员检查验收。结果：本次调查目标人群220例,回收问卷220份,可进行统计分析的有效问卷217份（98.6%）。217例调查对象的年龄33.3a±s6.0a,既往滥用药物时间8.8a±s3.7a;曾经戒毒的总次数范围2-108次;出戒毒所后最易复发的时间段为＂戒毒后的d1-5＂（43.4%）;调查问卷将复发影响因素设计为＂躯体生理因素、心理因素、药物成瘾性因素和社会环境因素＂4个因子,因子分分别为185.3、219.0、234.8和242.7;对4个因子的差异进行秩和检验,结果显示差异具有统计学显著性（χ^2=154.249,P〈0.001）;4个因子按照因子分排序为＂社会环境因素＂、＂药物成瘾性因素＂、＂心理因素＂和＂躯体生理因素＂;保持操守不复发的前3位因素均为＂社会环境因素＂。结论：宜昌市阿片类物质依赖者在戒毒后复发的主要影响因素是社会环境因素,进行预防复发干预的关键时间段是＂戒毒（出戒毒所）后的前5d＂,提示预防复发的重要措施是针对不同个体的具体情况,提供社会支持和心理干预。

英文摘要：

Objective：To investigate the general situation and related factors of relapse among opiate dependent patients after detoxification treatment and to explore intervention methods for relapse prevention. Methods： An investigation was conducted with a self - designed questionnaire for opiate dependent patients in 220 opiate dependent patients who had the experience of relapse after detoxification in Yichang City. The questionnaires were self- filled in anonymously and independently by the patients. Results： Totally 217 valid questionnaires （98.6%） were collected. The mean age of the 217 opiate dependent patients was 33.3 a± s 6.0 a, and the mean time of drug abuse was 8.8 a± s 3.7 a. The range of times for detoxification treatment was 2 - 108. Relapse was easy to happen during the first day to fifth day （43.4%） when they returned the community after detoxification treatment. Four related factors：physiological factor, psychological factor, pharmacological factor and social factor had statistical ＂ ＂ 2 significance（ Χ^2 = 154. 249, P 〈0. 001 ） , the values of which were 185.3, 219. 0, 234.8 and 242. 7, respectively. The result suggested that the social factor was the most important factor that induced relapse after detoxification treatment. Conclusion：The most important related factor of relapse for opiate dependent patients in Yichang City is social factor, so preventive measures for relapse is to offer social support and psychological intervention for drug dependent patients, especially during the first few days after they return from detoxification treatment according to their situation.