中文摘要：

水库兴利、防洪和生态等目标之间既非完全协调也非完全对立,这是多目标间协调的物理基础。本文综合考虑水库不同目标间的矛盾性和统一性,构建考虑生态和兴利的水库多目标优化调度模型,为提高模型求解效率,本文提出了一种基于个体约束和群体约束技术的改进快速非劣排序遗传算法（ICGC-NSGA-Ⅱ）。以黄河下游小浪底-西霞院梯级水库为例进行多目标优化调度,综合考虑下游不同时期各生态功能用水和综合利用需求,建立黄河下游梯级水库多目标调度模型,并采用ICGC-NSGA-Ⅱ求解,探究水库的供水效益、发电效益和生态效益之间的关系。实例研究表明,改进算法能在较短时间内获取一组反映多目标间非劣关系的调度方案集。黄河下游生态、综合供水和发电效益之间存在不对称竞争关系,一方面随发电量增加,生态供水和综合供水保证率均呈下降趋势;另一方面发电和生态供水竞争强烈,而与综合供水竞争关系较弱。研究成果可为制定黄河下游多目标共赢的调度方式提供理论基础和决策依据。

英文摘要：

The relationship of beneficial goals, flood control and ecological goals is neither fully coordinat-ing nor completely opposite, which is the physical basis of multi-objective coordination of reservoir opera-tion. In this paper, an integrated operation model considering ecological and beneficial goals is constructedbased on the contradiction and unity between different objectives of reservoir operation. In addition,an im-proved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-Ⅱmethod with Individual Constraints and Group Constraints（ICGC-NSGA-Ⅱ）is proposed to solve the model. By taking the cascade reservoirs,Xiaolangdi and Xixiayu-an reservoir in the lower Yellow River as case study, a multi-objective operation model solved by IC-GC-NSGA-Ⅱ method is built, which is designed to explore the relationship of the water supply, powergeneration and ecological benefits. The results show that the ICGC-NSGA-Ⅱ method can obtain a set ofdispatching schemes which reflects the non-dominated relationships among the multi-objectives in a relative-ly short time. Moreover, it is found that the asymmetric trade-offs between the benefits of ecology, watersupply and power generation really exists. In general,with the increase of power generation,the guaranteerate of ecological and comprehensive water supply decreases. The power generation competes with ecologicalwater shortage stronger than with comprehensive water shortage. The study can provide technical supportand reference value to multi-objective operation in of the lower Yellow River in the future.