中文摘要：

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）是我国柑橘类的重要害虫。与恒定的相对高温相比，冬季自然低温长期作用利于柑橘大实蝇蛹的存活。但短时的温和低温（发育起点以上，25℃室温以下）对柑橘大实蝇1~4级蛹存活的影响尚不明确。【目的】本研究旨在探索不同时长的短时温和低温对柑橘大实蝇1~4级蛹存活的影响。【方法】利用短时温和低温暴露处理柑橘大实蝇不同级别（1，2~3，4级）蛹，考察其在10、15、20℃下暴露2、4、8h后的成虫羽化率。采用双因素方差分析法分析温度和时长对柑橘大实蝇蛹存活的影响，利用LSD法比较温度或时长的单独作用效果。【结果】温度和时长对柑橘大实蝇1级蛹和4级蛹无交互作用，对2~3级蛹有极显著交互作用。柑橘大实蝇1级蛹短时暴露于15℃和20℃下的成虫羽化率（66.79%，59.93%），2~3级蛹在10℃和15℃下暴露4h和8h的成虫羽化率（10℃：50.59%，58.80%；15℃：54.96%，55.61%），4级蛹短时暴露于10、15、20℃下的成虫羽化率（52.10%，53.30%，51.62%），与CK的成虫羽化率（25℃恒温下42.81%）相比，均显著提高。【结论】特定短时低温利于柑橘大实蝇蛹的存活，柑橘大实蝇不同级别的蛹对短时温和低温的敏感性不同，结果可为柑橘大实蝇蛹的保存、成虫发生动态的精准预测提供依据。

英文摘要：

Bactrocera minax is a major pest of citrus in China. Compared to constant relative high temperature, exposure to long, natural, low temperatures in winter contributes to the survival of B. minax pupae. However, it is still unclear how short term exposure to low temperatures （above the developmental point temperature but 〈 25℃） affects the survival of 1st-4th stage pupae. [Objectives] To investigate the effects of short-term exposure to different temperatures on the survival of B. minax 1st - 4th stage pupae. [Methods] Adult eclosion was investigated after pupae of different stages （1, 2-3, 4） were exposed to a range of temperatures （10, 15 and 20℃） for 2, 4 and 8 h, respectively. Pupal survival was calculated and interactions between temperature and duration of exposure were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by a LSD test. The significance of differences between eclosion rates following exposure to different temperatures, or exposure durations, were assessed using one-way ANOVA and a LSD test. [Results] There were no significant interactions between temperature and duration of exposure in all but 2nd and 3rd stage pupae. Eclosion rates of 1st stage pupae were 66.79% and 59.93% after exposure to 15℃ and 20℃, respectively. Eclosion rates of 2nd -3rd stage pupae were 50.59% and 58.80% after exposure to 10℃ for 4 and 8 h, 54.96%, and 55.61% after exposure to 15℃ for 4 and 8 h, respectively. Eclosion rates of 4th stage pupae were 52.10%, 53.30% and 51.62%, after exposure to 10, 15 and 20℃, respectively. These eclosion rates were all significantly higher than those of control pupae kept at 25℃, （42.81%）. [Conclusion] Brief exposure to mild-low temperatures improved the survival of 1st-4th stage pupae, but the degree of improvement varied with pupal stage. These results can increase pupal survival, and improve both the accuracy of forecasting adult population dynamics and the effectiveness of control measures for this pest.