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中文摘要：
以北京地区为典型区域,设计5种不同灌溉处理,即按照生育时期分别进行无灌溉、灌1水、灌2水、灌3水及灌4水处理,利用中子仪和水分平衡法测定冬小麦耗水量,分析全生育期和关键时期的耗水特征。结果表明：冬小麦全生育期耗水量随灌溉次数增加呈增大趋势,拔节~抽穗期的耗水量最大,耗水量最少时期为苗期;随着灌溉次数的增加,土壤水消耗量逐渐减少;降水、灌溉和土壤供水是冬小麦耗水的主要来源,降水较少年份土壤供水和降水在耗水构成中所占比例较大,而降水较多年份冬小麦耗水的主要来源为降水;随着灌溉量的增加,灌溉逐渐成为冬小麦耗水构成的主要部分;产量随着耗水量增加渐次增加,水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率则呈降低趋势。
英文摘要：
Quantitative analysis was made of the situation of soil water use, water consumption composition during its growth seasons and key stages as well as water use efficiency（WUE） under different irrigation levels in different rainfall years. Taking Beijing as the typical region, five different irrigation treatments were designed （non-irrigation, irrigation 50 mm, irrigation 100 mm, irrigation 150 mm and irrigation 200 ram） according to the growth periods of winter wheat, water consumption was determined with neutron probe and water balance method. Then water consumption character of winter wheat in its growth seasons and key ages was analyzed. The results showed that water consumption of winter wheat became larger while increasing irrigation, the largest stage was the jointing and heading stage, and the seeding stage was the least. Soil water consumption reduced when increasing irrigation. Rainfall, irrigation and soil water supply were the chief sources of winter wheat water consumption, the rate of rainfall and soil water supply was larger in less rainfall year, but rainfall was its main source in rainy year. Water from irrigation became the chief part while increasing irrigation. The yield of winter wheat increased, but water use efficiency （WUE） and irrigation water use efficiency （WUEi） reduced while irrigation increasing. The resuhs show that there are differences in water consumption composition and use efficiency of winter wheat during its growth seasons and key stages under different irrigation levels.
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