中文摘要：

目的观察不同训练方式对脊髓损伤大鼠功能恢复的影响。方法成年雌性SD大鼠45只，设正常组大鼠6只，其余39只大鼠进行脊髓损伤模型制作（采用改良Alien’S撞击法制作T9不完全性脊髓损伤模型），剔除造模后死亡的9只大鼠，余下30只脊髓损伤大鼠随机分成7d对照组、35d对照组、减重平板组、游泳组和转笼组5组，每组6只大鼠。其中减重平板组、游泳组和转笼组损伤后第8天开始运动训练，30min／d，共4周。于不同时间点采用斜板试验、改良Tarlov评分、BBB评分对各组进行运动功能评定。损伤后35d，通过光镜和电镜观察脊髓及腓肠肌形态变化，计算肌纤维横截面积和直径大小。结果①减重平板组和游泳组在训练后各时间点的运动功能评分较7d对照组和35d对照组均显著增加（P〈0．05），且2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；转笼组与7d对照组和35d对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。②光镜及电镜观察显示，减重平板组经过4周的训练，损伤部位脊髓水肿消退明显，细胞空泡变性明显减轻，神经元和胶质细胞形态趋于完整，神经纤维增生也较明显，改善情况较其他各组更为显著。③减重平板组肌肉横截面积和直径分别为（55．34±14．46）μm2和（8．32±0．99）μm，接近正常组的（55．49±13．84）μm2（8．37±1．13）μm（P〉0．05），游泳组肌肉横截面积和直径分别为（46．05±8．50）μm2（7．68±0．76）μm，与对照35d组的（36．16±12．84）μm2（6．62±1．33）μm比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但转笼组的肌肉横截面积和直径[（39．83±8．35）μm2（7．19±0．68）μm]与35d对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论3种训练方式均能不同程度地促进脊髓损伤大鼠运动功能及神经肌肉功能的恢复，减重平板训练和游泳训练效果优于转笼训练?

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the effects of three different motor training regimens on motor function improvement after spinal cord injury （SCI） in rats. Methods Forty-five healthy, adult Sprague-Dawley rats （female） , weight 260-300 g, were included. Six rats were selected as the normal group. A model of incomplete SCI at the T9 level was induced in the others using a modification of Alien＇s method. Nine rats died after the injury and were excluded. The other 30 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ： a 7 d control group, a 35 d control group, a bodyweight-supported-treadmill-training （BWSTT） group, a swimming training group and a wheel running group, with 6 rats in each group. The three training groups began exercising at the 8th day post surgery, 30 min per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Locomotor function was evaluated by inclined plane tests, modified Tarlov scores, and the Basso- Beattie-Bresnahan （BBB） scale before the operation and on the 1 st, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th day post surgery. Histomorphological changes of the T9 level spinal cord and the gastrocnemius muscle were observed with light microscopy and electron microscopy, and the cross sectional areas and diameters of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers were calculated. Results （1）In the BWSTT group and the swimming training group, locomotor function scores increased significantly at all time points compared with the two control groups. There was no significant difference in rehabilitative effect between the BWSTT group and the swimming training group. But compared with both control groups, improvement in the wheel running group was not significant. （2）After 4 weeks of training, histomorphological observation of the injured T9 spinal cord tissue and gastrocnemius muscle fibers showed that the improvement in the BWSTT group was the most significant. The edema of the injured T9 level spinal cord tissue had decreased, cell vascular degeneration had lessened, the morphology of the neurons and glial cells trended to perfec