中文摘要：

通过考察耗散光学腔中少光子数叠加态的Wigner函数随时间的变化行为，揭示其非经典特性的动力学演化．结果表明，初始时Wigner函数为负的少光子数叠加态，在耗散过程中其负性逐渐减小直至消失，并最后达到一个稳定的正值．但这并不意味着耗散量子态非经典特性的完全消失．实际上，作为非经典特性的另一个重要参量，光子的二阶关联函数g（2）（0）（g（2）（0）〈1意味着光子是非经典地反聚束）是一个耗散动力学不变的物理量．我们证明，光子的二阶反关联函数9（2A’（0）却是一个随着耗散而改变的物理参量，从而可以用于描述光学微腔中光量子态的耗散动力学行为．最后，我们给出一个在实验上如何制备少光子数叠加态并对其Wigner函数进行探测的方案．

英文摘要：

Detections and manipulations of quantum optical state at single-photon level have received much attention in the current exper- iments. Here, by numerically calculating the time-evolved Wigner functions, we investigate the dynamics of the typical non-classical state, i.e., few-photon superposition states in a dissipating optical microcavity. It is shown that the negativity of their Wigner function vanishes with dissipation. But this does not imply that all the non-classical features of the dissipative quantum state disappear. In fact, it is shown that the value of the second-order correlation function g（2） （0） （which serves usually as the standard criterion of a typical non-classical effect, i.e., the anti-bunching of photons, if g（~） （0） 〈 1） for the few-photon superposed states is dissipatedly- dynamical invariant. We find that the anti-normal-order correlation function g（2A）（0） varies with the cavity dissipation and thus could be used to describe the physical effects of the dissipative cavity. Finally, we discuss the experimental feasibility of our proposal with a practically-existing cavity QED system.