中文摘要：

microRNA（miRNA）能够在转录后水平通过剪切或抑制翻译对靶mRNA进行调节，并且广泛参与植物的生长发育、生物胁迫和非生物胁迫等过程，因此引起了众多研究者的关注。随着对miRNA研究的深入，人们发现miRNA从转录到转录后成熟再到行使功能的过程中，会受到很多因子的调控。这些因子可以是蛋白质、核酸序列、基因、甚至miRNA本身，由于这些因子的参与，使得miRNA调节的生物学过程更具复杂性和灵活性。本文从转录、加工、活性调节和反馈调控等层次综述了近年来调控植物miRNA合成与功能方面取得的进展，以期为miRNA调控机制的研究提供理论基础和新思路。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） can regulate their target mRNAs post-transcriptionally through transcript cleavage and translational inhibition, and are widely involved in plant development, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The roles of miRNAs have been attracting increasing attention. Many factors, such as proteins, nucleotide sequences, genes, and even miRNAs themselves, can regulate miRNA transcription, maturation, and function, which make the biological processes regulated by miRNAs more complicated and diverse. This review summarizes recent progresses in the regulation mechanisms of plant miRNAs biogenesis and function, which provides a theoretical basis for further research and new ideas.