中文摘要：

微RNA（m icroRNA,m iRNA）是小分子非编码调控RNA,含有大约22个核苷酸,可和靶基因mRNA的3′非编码区相互配对结合,在转录后水平负调控靶基因的表达.微RNA调控细胞的生长、代谢、分化和凋亡,进而参与生物体的生长发育.研究表明,微RNA参与人类多种生理和病理过程的调控.最近几年,对微RNA表达调控机制及其调控相关疾病的研究取得了诸多显著性的进展,心脏疾病相关微RNA更加成为研究的热点.此外,一系列基于微RNA治疗心脏疾病的策略方法,例如用反义寡核苷酸抑制微RNA和微RNA补偿的方法,也取得了突破的成果.总之,微RNA的研究及应用将为心脏疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的途径.

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are small non-protein-coding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides（nt）that negatively regulate gene expressions at the posttranscriptional level by base pairing with the 3′ untranslated region of the targeted mRNAs.miRNAs regulate the growth,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of cells,participate in the development and metabolism of organisms,and also take part in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes in humans.Currently,the achievements in the biogenetic and functional research about miRNA mechanisms in relation to diseases,especially in cardiac diseases and cancer are remarkable.Moreover,many strategies have been used to manipulate targeting miRNAs in vivo,including both loss of function（ie,modified antisense oligonucleotides） and gain of function（ie,miR mimic） approaches.The applications of miRNAs are believed to be new ways to diagnose and treat the cardiac diseases.