中文摘要：

为了研究高填方涵洞顶部竖向土压力随填土高度变化的规律以及拱效应，选取图们至珲春高速公路桩号为RK365＋510的高填方涵洞作为试验涵洞，在涵顶埋设土压力盒测量当填土高度为4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18和20m时的涵顶竖向土压力和涵台外侧竖向土压力，分析不同填土高度下竖向土压力的变化规律；按照《公路桥涵设计通用规范（JTGD60—2004）》计算竖向土压力，比较并分析计算值与实测值的误差。结果表明，涵顶竖向土压力随填土的增加而增加，当填土不大于8m时，由压力盒的应力集中效应使现场测试值高于规范计算值；当填土增加到12m时，涵洞上方产生拱效应，使涵台竖向土压力显著大于涵顶竖向土压力；拱效应的不稳定性使土压力非线性增加，涵台和涵顶土压力的数值差验证了土拱的传力过程；采用规范的“土柱法”计算结果比实测结果偏大，工程常因结构设计过于安全而不经济。建议在计算时可考虑将涵洞顶部填土假定为荷载，根据荷载分布扩散原则计算土压力，推导出不同填土高度时土压力的计算表达式。一道涵洞也可分为几段进行设计并采用不同的尺寸，提升涵洞优化潜力。

英文摘要：

To investigate the pattern of soil pressure on vertical direction of a culvert and the arching effect, earth pressure cells were buried on the top of the test culvert located in pile number RK365 ＋ 510 in Tumen-Hunchun expressway to measure the vertical earth pressure under the fill soil heights of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 m. The vertical earth pressure under different fill soil heights was analyzed. The calculation according to General Code for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts （JTGD60-2004） was carried out. The errors between the calculated results and the meas- ured results were analyzed. The results show that the vertical earth pressure on the culvert increases with the fill soil height, when the height is not more than 8 m; that the measured vertical earth pres-sure is larger than the calculated one due to the stress that the measured vertical earth pressure on the culvert culvert because of the arching effect above the culvert. concentration effect of earth pressure cells; table is larger than the one on the top of the Because the arching effect is unstable, the vertical earth pressure varies non-linearly. The transfer of soil arching effect was verified by the nu- merical difference between the measured vertical earth pressure on the culvert table and the one on the top of the culvert. The result calculated by ＂soil column method＂ in the code was larger than the measured result. Structure is not cost-efficient because the design is too safe. It was suggested that the fill soil on the top of culvert was assumed as load, the calculation expression of earth pressure under different soil heights was deduced according to the load distribution diffusion principle. A cul- vert can be divided into several sections with different size to improve its optimization potential.