中文摘要：

葡萄糖传感器在几十年的发展中取得了重大进展，经历了三代基于酶葡萄糖传感器之后，现已进入第四代无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展阶段。本文从基于酶和无酶两类介绍了不同葡萄糖传感器的测试原理，综述了近年来纳米材料在无酶电化学葡萄糖传感器方面应用的主要研究进展，对不同类别纳米材料的制备方法以及所构建传感器的灵敏度、选择性、检测范围和稳定性等进行了评述，分析了制约无酶葡萄糖传感器商业化应用的主要原因。其中，贵金属纳米材料主要讨论了铂、金和钯；过渡金属纳米材料主要讨论了镍、铜以及其氧化物；双金属纳米材料主要讨论了合金和复合物；碳纳米材料主要讨论了单壁（多壁）碳纳米管和石墨烯。此外，本文也对无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展方向和趋势进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Glucose sensors have made great progress during decades of development and recently graduated into the fourth generation of nonenzymatic glucose sensors after experienced three generations of enzymatic glucose sensors. In this paper, the detecting principles of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic glucose sensors are introduced. The research advances for the application of nanomaterials in nonenzymatic glucose sensors are reviewed. The preparation methods of different nanomaterials together with the sensitivity, selectivity, detection range and stability of the constructed sensors are remarked extensively. Moreover, the main causes for the restriction of the commercial application of nonenzymatic glucose sensors are analyzed. Among them, precious metal nanomaterials involve platinum, gold and palladium, transition metal nanomaterials involve nickel, copper and their oxides, double metal nanomaterials involve alloy and compound, carbon nanomaterials involve single or multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene. In addition, the outlook of future development directions and trends of nonenzymatic glucose sensors are given.