中文摘要：

本文旨在讨论国际市场上国家之间是否存在竞争和如何相互竞争。借鉴Hidalgo et al.（2007）的“产品空间”研究，本文提出“国家空间”概念。高度异质化的国家空间为国家之间存在竞争关系提供了直接的证据支持。不仅如此，国家空间的动态研究表明国家之间的竞争如同田径场上的长跑比赛，可称之为“能力加值比赛”。具体是：在田径场上运动员以速度取胜．国家则以其核心能力的技术复杂度而获得领先地位；运动员通过提速来赶超或甩开竞争对手．国家则通过能力加值来扩大优势产业组合，进而获得位置提升：经过时间的积累．像长跑队员那样国家之间的距离拉开；实力相当的国家扎堆在一起，形成不同社群．呈链状依次排列。

英文摘要：

Are there competitions among countries and how do they compete with one another？ Drawing on Hidalgo et al.＇s （2007） research on ＂product space,＂ the current study innovatively proposes ＂country space＂ and visually presents the competitions and the cooperation among countries in the international market. Great heterogeneous country space suggests that there are obvious competitions among countries. In addition, this research argues that competitions among countries are like long-distance races in the track and can be called ＂capability- added match＂. While athletes win by speed in the track, countries lead via the technology complexity of their core competence. Athletes surpass their competitors by increasing speed whereas countries move forward via expanding portfolio of advantageous industries resulting from capability-adding. As time passes, the gap between countries and their competitors will increase. Comparable countries become unionized to form different communities, which line in a hierarchical order in the chain of incremental capability. Incremental capability chain is also a technology ladder and reflects technology differentiation of portfolio of advantageous industries between countries and communities. Countries increase their position in the technology ladder via putting more effort into advantageous industries with advanced technology and meanwhile not giving up advantageous industries with a low level of technology.