中文摘要：

采用 ISSR分子标记技术，对台湾杉4个自然居群的遗传多样性水平和遗传结构进行研究。从100条引物中筛选出10条，得到78个清晰的扩增条带，其中多态性条带61个。POPGENE分析结果表明：台湾杉在物种水平（多态条带百分率 PPB=78.21%，Nei’s基因多样性指数 H=0.2494，Shannon’s信息指数 I=0.3778）和居群水平（PPB=52.56%，H=0.1783，I=0.2677）均具有中等水平的遗传多样性。AMOVA分析表明，4个居群间出现一定程度的遗传分化，且遗传变异主要发生在居群内。UPGMA聚类和 Mantel检测结果表明，居群间的地理距离与遗传距离之间不存在显著相关性（r=0.0433，P=0.4356）。根据台湾杉的遗传变异规律，提出有效的保护措施。

英文摘要：

The genetic diversity and genetic structure of four natural populations of Taiwania cryptomerioides were investigated using inter-simple sequence repeat （ ISSR） . Of the 100 primers screened,10 primers were selected and they generated 78 stable and distinct bands,among which 61 bands were polymorphic. The result of POPGENE indicated that T. cryptomerioides had a medium level of genetic variation at the species （ the percentage of polymorphic bands PPB =78. 21%,Nei’s gene diversity H=0. 249 4,Shannon’s information index I=0. 377 8） and population levels （PPB =52. 56%,H=0. 178 3,I=0. 267 7）. There was to a certain level genetic differentiation among four populations （GST：0. 285 1; Shannon ’s genetic differentiation： 29. 14%; AMOVA genetic differentiation： 28. 31%） ,and most of the genetic differentiation occurred within populations. The UPGMA clustering and Mantel test showed that there was no significant correlation between the geographical and genetic distance（r = 0.043 3,P = 0.435 6）. Based on these findings,we propose appropriate conservation strategies for this endangered species.