中文摘要：

狍（Capreolus pygargus）为我国重要的经济动物，并且是国家一级保护动物——东北虎（Panthera tigrisaltaica）的主要食物之一。因此，深入了解狍各个地理单元内种群的遗传变异，可以为我们制定保护管理策略提供依据，进而恢复珍稀濒危物种的野外种群数量。对32个不同狍个体（来自3个不同山系）的线粒体DNA控制区的部分序列进行了测定和群体分析，发现了50个变异位点，定义了27种单倍型，其单倍型多样性（h）平均值为0.978、核苷酸多样性（π）平均值为0．02260，种群总体遗传多样性较高；在3个地理单元的狍种群中，大兴安岭地区的狍种群具有较高的遗传多样性，应予以优先保护。从Tajima＇s D和Fu＆Li＇s D值的估算结果表明，这3个狍种群与中性进化的歧异度相比，并没有明显的偏离（P〉0．1），无明显的证据显示这3个狍种群间存在很强的平衡选择。

英文摘要：

The roe deer is an animal of economic importance in China and a primary food source of the Amur tiger. Understanding the morphological and molecular variation of geographically isolated roe deer populations is therefore important in establishing conservation strategies. Thirty two samples from three differences geographic regions were sequenced and the populations analysed. Twenty seven haplotypes were identified from 32 sequences of the 460 bp D-loop of mtDNA genome. Fifty sites were found to be polymorphic. The population genetic diversity of roe deer was of higher level as indicated by the following parameters： mean value of haplotype diversity （h =0.9780） and mean value of nucleotide diversity （ π = 0.02260）. Neither the estimate of Tajima＇s D nor that of Fu ＆ Li＇s D deviated significantly from the neutral selection hypothesis （P〉0.1） for the three populations. The result suggests no evidence of strong selective sweeps or ba!ancing selection. Of the three populations, the Great Khinghan Mountains geographic region was shown to have the most nucleotide diversity. To ensure conservation of genetic diversity within this population, we propose a high priority conservation classification.