中文摘要：

白碳和金刚石、石墨这两种常见的碳的晶态结构不同，它是sp^1杂化的碳元素的另一种晶态同素异形体。白碳具有一维直线碳链的特殊结构。本文对白碳材料的制备方法、结构特点、表征方法进行了综述，并展望了其在纳米器件、分子器件、以及场致电子发射等方面的应用前景。

英文摘要：

White carbon is a specific crystalline material of carbon element. The mierostrueture of white carbon is a linear carbon chain characterized by sp^1 hybridization of the atomic orbitals, which is different from diamond with sp^3 hybridization and graphite with sp^2 hybridization. Preparation and structure characterization of white carbon are summarized. The potential application of white carbon is also prospected in this paper.