中文摘要：

偏振模色散(PMD)是阻碍高速光纤通信长距离传输的主要障碍之一.由于偏振模色散的统计特性,使得恢复由于偏振模色散造成的传输信号损伤有相当的难度.介绍了偏振模色散的基本概念与数学描述方法,总结了目前常用的偏振模色散的缓解技术、光电补偿技术的现状,最新技术以及今后的发展方向.着重介绍了偏振模色散光域补偿技术中的补偿器结构、反馈信号提取以及粒子群优化控制算法.

英文摘要：

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the important issues which limit the high-speed long-haul communication of optical fiber. It is a challenging task to recover the distortions induced by PMD for the reason of its statistical characteristics. The concepts and mathematical description, which are important to understanding of PMD are proposed. The present development of optical and electrical techniques of mitigation and compensation for PMD are presented, as well as the latest progress for PMD treatment in the world. The configurations of the optical PMD compensator, the extraction of the feedback signals and the particle swarm optimization as an effective adaptive control algorithm are described in detail.