中文摘要：

酚是一类重要的有机化合物，传统合成方法存在反应路线长、原子利用率低、操作复杂和环境污染严重等缺点．将芳烃化合物通过一步羟基化反应合成酚，有利于克服上述缺点，符合可持续发展的观点．由于芳环上C—H键比较稳定，尤其有侧链存在时，侧链C—H键比芳环C—H键更容易被活化，因此，如何实现温和条件下芳环C—H键的直接羟基化是一个具有挑战性的课题.

英文摘要：

Fe/activated carbon was found to be catalytically effective for the one-step hydroxylation of several typical substituted aromatic compounds under milder reaction conditions （303 K, atmospheric pressure）. It was found that the ring oxidation is predominant for all the substrates studied and the selectivity to ring oxidation was much greater than those reported previously. A comparison of the conversions with that of benzene revealed that electron-donating substituents increase the conversions of the substrates, while electron-withdrawing substituents decrease the conversions. The formation of o- and p-hydroxylated products for electron-donating substituted aromatic compounds and o-, m-, p-hydroxylated products for electron-withdrawing substituted aromatic compounds revealed an electrophilc mechanism. The predominant selectivity to o-hydroxylated products for the aromatic compounds with substituents which could coordianated with Fe also shows a new mechanism. This coordianation was affected by the steric hindrance of the substituents. The latter mechanism was also confirmed by DFT method.