中文摘要：

正字法家族效应是指正字法邻近词越多,家族越大,单词识别越快的一种现象。一般使用词汇判断、语义分类任务、快速命名等实验范式研究。影响家族效应的因素有家族词的频率、材料的语言和家族在单词中的位置等。家族效应表现在150～300ms窗口中的早期成分和更大的N400上。家族效应可能与左大脑半球的不同脑区的的语义激活有关,也可能与中背外侧前额的执行控制功能有关。家族效应的理论模型主要有：多重标准识别模型、交互激活模型和双通路瀑布式模型等。将来的研究可尝试从实验材料和研究方法等方面进行拓展。

英文摘要：

The orthographic neighborhood effect（N effect） is the phenomenon that words with more neighbors（other words than can be formed by changing one letter） are identified faster.Lexical decision task,semantic category task,and speeded naming task,etc.,have been used to investigate the N effect.Affecting factors of the N effect,such as the frequency of the target words,the language of the stimuli,and the neighborhood site,were summarized.An early component in 150～300ms window and larger N400 amplitudes reflect the N effect.The semantic activation in the left hemisphere and the executive control processes in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are related to the N effect.The major models of the N effect include the Multiple Read-Out Model,the Interactive-Activation Model,and the Dual-Route Cascaded Model.In conclusion,future research should be focused on experimental materials,research method,etc.