中文摘要：

PCR技术是一项发展迅猛的生物技术，因具有快速、灵敏、简便及特异性强等特点而被广泛应用于性别鉴定及其它许多相关研究领域。应用于性别鉴定的PCR方法从简单PCR法、双重或多重PCR法、巢式PCR法发展到改进的两温度梯度PCR法；而不同性别间除了呈现有或无关系（类似于Sty基因）的基因序列外，也检测到了很多类似于锌指蛋白和牙釉蛋白的呈现不同性别特征的基因序列，这为性别鉴定引物的设计和PCR法进行性别鉴定提供了另一种全新的思路，即如果根据这种性别多态性DNA序列特点设计引物，采用两温度梯度PCR扩增技术进行PCR性别鉴定，则可望简化鉴定程序、降低检测时间、提高鉴定效率，使PCR性别控制技术更加成熟和实用化。随着研究的深入，PCR技术在性别鉴定及控制的应用中必将日益成熟，并推动此项技术在其它相关领域中的研究和应用取得更大的进展。

英文摘要：

As a rapid development biological technology, PCR has been widely used in many related fields such as sex identification with its rapidness sensitiveness, convenience and specificity. The PCR method used in sex identification varies from simple PCR, nested PCR to modified two-temperature gradient PCR. Besides the gene sequences such as SRY, which only locates in the Y chromosome, gene sequences like zinc finger protein which present different gender characteristics between different genders were also detected. This has provided a brand-new primer designing thought and PCR method for sex identification. With the development of the study, the PCR technique is bound to become more mature on the application of sex identification and sex control. Much more progress will be made on promoting the application of PCR to other related fields at the same time.