中文摘要：

沉降理论主要研究的是固体粒子在受到重力作用时在液体中的迁移行为，而借助于重力沉降理论制备功能梯度材料，是一种既节约能源而又经济环保的方法。但由于粒子运动过程中受到很多因素的共同影响，导致其过程复杂。因此，深入研究粒子在溶液中的沉降行为对材料的制备有着重要的意义。以Stokes法则为基础，综述了重力沉降理论的发展历程，并介绍了基于重力沉降理论所开发出的共沉降法、溶液流延法、离心铸造法等功能梯度材料的制备技术。

英文摘要：

Settling theory mainly studies the migration behavior of solid particles in a liquid under gravity. It is a befitting method with the advantages of energy saving, economic and environment friendly for the preparation of functionally gradient materials. However, the particle migration process is complex because it is influenced by many factors. Therefore, studying about the settlement behavior of particles in solution in-depth is of great significance for the preparation of material. On the basis of Stokes law, the development of the theory of gravity settling is reviewed. The preparation methods, such as co-sedimentation method, solution casting and centrifugal casting, which based on the principle of gravity settling are introduced.