中文摘要：

牧户是草原牧区的最基本经济社会单元,对气候灾害极为敏感。基于问卷访谈获取的第一手数据,本文对内蒙古典型草原牧区主要气候灾害的时空分布和区域应对措施进行了系统分析。结果表明：（1）研究区内雪灾发生几率自东向西递减趋势显著,多次雪灾和多次严重雪灾分别主要发生在以锡林郭勒盟为代表的中部地区中东部与南部和以呼伦贝尔为代表的东部地区;而降水量居中的内蒙古中部区域旱灾发生的几率略高于干旱的西部地区,尤其是在夏秋季节中部和东部牧区更易受到干旱的威胁;（2）旱灾发生时,牧户主要通过灾中转场放牧、购买草饲料、出售牲畜等措施应对,而雪灾应对措施则主要以购买草饲料为主,东部地区和中部地区相当比例的牧户采取了在秋季备足草料的预防措施;（3）政府采取以尽快恢复生活为主的实物帮助和以增强恢复生产能力为辅的资金帮助对应对旱灾和雪灾效果显著。

英文摘要：

Herder households are the smallest economic and social units of grassland use in China and highly sensitive to climate disasters. Based on data from questionnaire surveys we conducted a systematic study to discover the spatial- temporal distributions and countermeasures to climate disasters in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia,the biggest pastoral area in China. We found that the probability of snow disasters have a minimized trend from east to west,and serious disasters take place mainly in the central- eastern area（represented by Xilingol League）and eastern area（represented by Hulun buir League）. The odds of drought in the central area,which has a medium level of precipitation,are slightly higher than in the west（the driest place of the three areas）and the central and eastern areas easily suffer from drought in summer and autumn. When droughts take place,pastoral households mainly graze elsewhere,buy forage and grass,and sell animals.Meanwhile,herdspeople in the study area mainly deal with snow disasters by buying forage and a considerable proportion of pastoral households in the central and eastern areas take preparing enough forge in autumn as preventive action. Government measures such as supplying forage and money have a significant impact on reconstruction after drought and dzud disasters.