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不同施氮量对旱地不同品种冬小麦氮素累积、运输和分配的影响

ISSN号：1008-505X
期刊名称：《植物营养与肥料学报》
时间：0
分类：S147.22[农业科学—肥料学;农业科学—农业基础科学]
作者机构：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100
相关基金：国家自然科学基金项目（30230230,30370288）;科技部863计划（2002AA623031）资助.

作者：赵满兴[1], 周建斌[1], 杨绒[1], 郑险峰[1], 翟丙年[1], 李生秀[1]

关键词：冬小麦, 旱地, 氮肥, 氮素吸收与转移, winter wheat, dryland, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen uptake and translocation

中文摘要：

通过田间试验研究了西北旱地4个主要冬小麦品种在不同供氮水平下对氮素的吸收、累积和转移特性。结果表明，增施氮肥显著地促进了小麦地上部分氮素累积总量，子粒氮素累积量在施氮量180kg/hm^2时最高，再增加氮肥用量子粒氮素累积量降低；施氮明显增加了收获时茎秆氮素的残留量。不同品种间氮素累积量差异显著，其中小偃22最高，其后依次为陕253、小偃503和陕229；小偃22的氮肥利用率、氮肥农学效率和氮肥生理效率均高于其它几个小麦品种。不同器官相比，开花前氮素主要累积在叶片中，茎秆的累积量在开花期达到最大。不同部位氮素转移效率为叶片〉穗〉茎秆；叶、茎、穗氮素转移效率存在基因型差异。

英文摘要：

A field experiment was carried out to study the uptake, accumulation and translocation of nitrogen of four winter wheat varieties at different N-levels on the dryland. This experiment was designed using a split-plot design. 5 levels of nitrogen fertilizers were the main plots and 4 varieties were the subplots. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 0, 60, 120, 180 and 300 kg/ha, respectively; and the varieties was Shaan 253（V1）, Shaan 229（V2）, Xiaoyan 503（V3） and Xiaoyan 22（V4）. The results showed that the highest N uptake in the growth period occurred from reviving stage to anthesis stage. The nitrogen accumulation rate, which had significant differences between different varieties, increased as N rate increased. When the rate of N fertilizer was higher than 180 kg/ha, grain yield was decreased with the increase of N rate, indicating plant receiving the luxury N uptake. The nitrogen accumulation of Xiaoyan 22 variety was the highest, followed with Shaan 253, Xiaoyan 503 and Shaan 229. The proportion of N accumulated in leaf and stem was high before the anthesis stage; and the accumulated N rate in stem reached peak at the anthesis stage. The residual N in leaf and stem at the maturing stage showed an obvious upward trend with the increasing N rate. The highest N accumulation of wheat grain took place at the N rate of 180 kg/ha. The N transportation efficiency of different organs during grain filling stage ranked in the following order, leaf 〉 spike 〉 stem. Different varieties had various N use efficiency. Compared to other varieties, Xiaoyan 22 had higher N recovery, N agronomic efficiency and N physiological efficiency. This showed that Xiaoyan 22 had a high efficiency of N uptake, translocation and utilization.

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