中文摘要：

城市化所带来的土地利用变化和化石燃料燃烧对全球碳循环和气候变化产生了深远影响。准确认识城市系统碳收支状况及其变化特征,是开展城市碳循环过程及其影响机制研究的前提。本文从涡度相关技术理论基础及城市大气边界层与碳循环特征出发,系统总结了利用涡度相关技术开展城市地表-大气间碳通量监测所面临的问题、后期数据处理和评价的主要方法,以及目前涡度相关技术在城市碳通量监测中的应用现状及主要研究进展。现有研究成果表明,城市系统总体表现为碳源,受城市交通流量、生活供暖及植被生长的影响,城市地表-大气间CO2交换存在明显的日、周及季节变化特征。然而,由于城市下垫面的高度异质性及复杂碳源汇分布,涡度相关技术获取的城市碳通量特征及其解释还存在较大的不确定性。今后需加强复杂城市环境下涡度相关通量观测技术与评价方法研究,从系统整体性出发构建城市系统碳循环模拟模型,结合空间化技术手段,深入开展城市区域尺度碳循环影响机制及其变异特征的客观评价。

英文摘要：

Land use change and fossil fuel consumption due to urbanization have made significant effect on global carbon cycle and climate change. Accurate estimating and understanding of the carbon budget and its characteristics are the premises for studying carbon cycle and its driving mechanisms in urban system. Based on the theory of eddy covariance （EC） technique, the characteristics atmospheric boundary layer and carbon cycle in urban area, this study systematically reviewed the principles of CO2 flux monitoring in urban system with EC technique, and then summarized the problems faced in urban CO2 flux monitoring and the method for data processing and further assessment. The main research processes on urban carbon fluxes with EC technique were also illustrated. The results showed that the urban surface was mostly acting as net carbon source. The CO2 exchange between urban surface and atmosphere showed obvious diurnal, weekly and seasonal variation resulted from the vehicle exhaust, domestic heating and vegetation respiration. However, there still exist great uncertainties in urban flux measurement and its explanation due to high spatial heterogeneity and complex distributions of carbon source/sink in urban environments. In the end, we suggested that further researches on EC technique and data assessment in complex urban area should be strengthened. It was also requisite to develop models of urban carbon cycle on the basis of the system principle, to investigate the influencing mechanism and variability of urban cycle at regional scale with spatial analysis technique.