中文摘要：

针对虚拟企业的复杂性特征，提出了以群集智能这种新颖的复杂系统建模手段研究虚拟企业的组建和运行过程．在将虚拟企业运行特点与蚁群劳动分工模型进行对比分析的基础上，将企业单元定义为人工蚂蚁，根据虚拟企业运行的要求重新设计蚂蚁的属性特征、任务执行和学习规则、活动环境等模块，建立了扩展的蚁群劳动分工模型．采用该模型对虚拟制造式、供应链式、组织虚拟式等3种具有代表性的虚拟企业组织进行建模和仿真，实验表明仿真结果与实际情况比较吻合，运行过程能够体现出虚拟企业运行的自组织行为特征，该模型可为类似虚拟企业的组建、任务规划和利益分配提供依据．最后分析了扩展蚁群劳动分工模型的内在特性和适用范围，并对今后研究的方向进行了展望．

英文摘要：

For complex Virtual Enterprises （VE）, this paper proposes that Swarm Intelligence （SI）, a new method for complex system modeling, can be adopted to study the establishment and operation process of the VE. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the operation process of VE and their comparison with the labor division model of the ant colony, a VE is defined as an artificial ant. The modules of the attributes of the ants, the task execution, the rule learning, and the activation environment of the ants are redesigned under the requirements of the operation of VE, and then the extended labor division model of the ant colony is built. Next the extended labor division model of the ant colony is employed to model and simulate the three typical VEs, i.e. the type of virtual manufacturing, supply chain, and virtual organization. The experiments show that the results can match the real cases well, the characteristics of self-organization of VE can be reflected in the operation process, and the model can provide the basis for the establishment, task planning, and benefit distribution of VE. Finally, the inherent characteristics and applications of the extended model are analyzed and some future directions of research are given.