中文摘要：

以亚洲大豆育成品种为对象，评价其幼苗期耐淹性，揭示其遗传变异特点，从而为耐涝育种提供种质基础。采用我国黄淮、南方及亚洲其它15国的350份大豆育成品种，以相对死苗率为主要鉴定指标，结合叶片相对失绿率与相对萎蔫率，在苗期进行大豆耐淹性盆栽鉴定。结果表明：以相对死苗率为主的指标体系可以有效鉴定大豆品种的苗期耐涝性。亚洲品种群体存在丰富的耐淹性遗传变异，相对死苗率变幅为4．8％-212．0％。中国黄淮、中国南方、东亚、东南亚和南亚5个区域的品种均呈现中间多、两头少的单峰态分布，遗传变异系数均高于21．24％，耐淹性变异丰富，尤其中国黄淮地区覆盖了全群体相对死苗率变幅。各地区均存在耐淹品种，山东、江苏相对较多；从5个区域中依次优选出7、4、1、1、2，共15份耐淹性种质；系谱追踪发现莒选23、南农493—1、黔豆2号的耐淹性可能传递给后代；4份国外耐淹性品种兼具有抗病性可作为亲本拓宽中国耐涝育种的种质基础。

英文摘要：

Flooding is one of the most frequent climate disasters in eastern and southern Asia. Development of cuhivars tolerant to submergence is an effective way to avoid the threat of flooding to soybean production. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the submergence tolerance of young seedlings of released cuhivar populations from different Asian regions, to reveal their genetic variation, and to identify elite germplasm with submergence tolerance for breeding purpose. The 350 released cuhivars from Huang Huai valleys and Southern China,as well as other 15 Asian countries were sampled and tested in pot experiment at young seedling stage under artificial flooding condition. The relative death rate was used as major indicator with relative yellowing rate and relative withering rate as reference indicators. The results showed that the indicator system was effective in evaluating the submergence tolerance at young seedling stage of soybean. There existed great genetic variation of submergence tolerance in the Asian soybean cuhivar population with relative death rate varying from 4.8% to 212.0%. In each eco-region, i. e. Huang-Huai valleys, Southern China, East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia, the relative death rate of the cuhivars distributed as a similar single peak curve with genetic coefficient of variation more than 21.24%, especially in Huang-Huai valleys with its range covering the whole population. There exist elite tolerant materials in each eco-region, especially in Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces, and seven, four, one, one and two in a total of 15 most tol- erant materials were selected from the respective eco-regions. Among them, some selected tolerant cuhivars have their tolerance inherited from the tolerant parents, Juxuan 23, Nannong 493-1, Qiandou No. 2, after tracing their pedigree; the four selected exotic tolerant cultivars are characterized with resistance to some diseases, therefore, could be used as elite parents for broadening genetic bases in breeding for submergence tolerance in