中文摘要：

利用云南海拔2650 m高寒稻区种植的地方粳稻老品种小麻谷与具有籼稻细胞质背景的改良品系南34为亲本,基于SSR标记评价了在400、1860和2200 m 3个不同海拔下产生的正反交F2群体的遗传多样性与遗传分化。结果表明,F2（小麻谷×南34）群体的遗传多样性高于在同一海拔下产生的反交F2群体。2个组合在海拔400 m的海拔产生的群体中遗传多样性均最小,并随海拔的升高而增加,在海拔2200 m的海拔产生的群体中遗传多样性最丰富。正反交组合F2群体间的遗传分化高于同一组合在不同海拔下产生的F2群体之间的遗传分化。同一组合在不同海拔产生的F2群体间的遗传分化随产生群体的海拔差异增加而扩大。本研究在DNA水平上证实了细胞质和海拔明显影响水稻杂种后代群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化。

英文摘要：

The genetic diversity and divergency of 6 rice reciprocal F2 populations generated at three places with different altitude of 400,1860 and 2200 m were assessed based on SSR markers polymorphism.The material parents were Xiaomagu,japonica rice landrace grown at Yunnan alpine region at 2650 m,and Nan34,an improved line that cytoplasm donated by indica rice.The results showed that the genetic diversity of F2 population was affected by cytoplasm.And it was also influenced by the altitude change,as the altitude went higher,the genetic diversity of F2 population became more richer.As for the genetic divergency,the same result showed that it was affected by both cytoplasm and altitude change.And the cytoplasm had higher effect on the genetic diversity of F2 population.The molecular evidence demonstrate that,in this study,altitude variation and cytoplasm obviously affected the genetic diversity and differentiation of rice hybrid progenies.