文章从道德判断的双加工理论出发,探讨了旅游环境启发的游客敬畏情绪体验对游客道德判断和道德意愿的影响,以及不同伦理意识下这种影响之间的差异。首先,通过现场实验提出在具有启发敬畏情绪特质的旅游景区中,游客具有更高的道德行为。其次,通过实验室实验操控敬畏和愉悦两种情绪发现,相对于愉悦情绪,敬畏更能促进游客在旅游情景中的道德判断和道德意愿。最后,研究还发现情绪类型(敬畏和愉悦)与伦理意识(低相对主义和高相对主义)存在显著的交互效应。对于高相对主义的游客,与愉悦情绪相比,启发敬畏的游客道德判断更加严格,道德意愿更加强烈;而对于低相对主义的游客,敬畏和愉悦在游客道德判断和道德意愿上的影响没有显著差异。文章揭示了游客敬畏情绪在伦理旅游中的作用,丰富了关于情绪对伦理旅游影响的研究,对抑制我国游客道德失范,促进游客文明旅游具有现实意义。
Abstract: In recent years, with the gradual implementation of "The Outline for National Tourism and Leisure", tourism has become one of the mainstreams of people' s way of life. In spite of this, the popularity and development of mass tourism also highlights some problems, such as ethical conflict and moral disorder, happen in the real tourism situation in China. In fact, spitting, drawings or writing on a public wall, littering, cut in line, and talking loudly have been considered uncivilized behaviors in most countries, however, these phenomena can be found everywhere in China. One of the reasons for these phenomena happened again and again is that the failure of ethics mechanism. Therefore, in order to better understand how to inhibit or reduce the occurrence of unethical behavior for Chinese tourists in all tourist attractions, we adopted the method of two-factor (i.e., emotion and ethical ideology) experimental design to test the effect of different combinations of factors on moral judgment and moral intention and tried to find the best fit for these two factors. Based on the dual-process theory in moral judgment, this study discussed the relationship between the tourists' emotion and their moral judgment and moral intention, and the difference of such impact from the different ethical ideologies. First, this study proved that the tourists will show higher ethical behaviors after they experienced an awe-inspiring environment by making a quasi-experiment. Second, by controlling two distinct positive emotions (i.e., awe and pleasure) in the laboratory-experiment, we found that the subject group stimulated with awe emotion would show more positive moral judgment and moral intention in the tourism scenario, comparing with the other subject group stimulated with pleasure emotion (for the moral judgment, Mawe=5.48, Mpleasure=4.73, F[1, 170]=23.71, P〈0.001, for the moral intention, Mawe=4.50, Mpleasure=3.71, F[1,170]=25.94, P〈0.001). Last, the findings also showed that there are interacti