中文摘要：

目的 通过对儿童精神分裂症患者与健康儿童认知功能的调查,探讨精神分裂症患儿认知功能损害的特征.方法 采用中国-韦氏儿童智力测验（C-WISC）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、斯特鲁普（STROOP）测验、连线测验（TMT）对50例12 ～16岁未经抗精神病药物治疗或4周内未系统应用抗精神病药物治疗的首发精神分裂症患儿（研究组）和50例健康对照儿童（健康对照组）进行评定,患儿的临床症状采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS量表）进行评定.结果 2组总智商（FIQ）、言语智商（VIQ）、操作智商（PIQ）及VIQ-PIQ比较,差异均有统计学意义,研究组VIQ、PIQ和FIQ低于健康对照组（P＜0.05）,研究组VIQ-PIQ高于健康对照组（P =0.023）；2组完成分类数、总错误数、持续错误数比较,差异有统计学意义,研究组完成分类数低于健康对照组（P＜0.05）,总错误数和持续错误数高于健康对照组（P＜0.05）；2组单字A、单色B、双字C、双色D比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）,且健康对照组所用时间均少于研究组；2组连线测验A/B反应时及B错误数比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且研究组均显著高于健康对照组；研究组PANSS量表评分与认知功能各测验结果进行相关分析发现,阴性症状与VIQ、PIQ呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）,与A错误数呈正相关（P＜0.05）,PANSS总分与完成分类数呈负相关（P＜0.05）.多元逐步回归分析显示：认知功能的损害与患儿的阴性症状、PANSS总分、年龄、性别、居住地和受教育年限均存在相关性（P均＜0.05）.结论 首发精神分裂症患儿的认知功能（处理速度、工作记忆、空间记忆、注意警觉和执行功能）受到广泛的损害,部分认知损害与阴性症状有一定关系.

英文摘要：

Objective To examine the cognitive function of the childhood schizophrenia and healthy children,and to explore the characterized impairment of cognitive function in childhood schizophrenia.Methods Fifty untreated children with first-episode schizophrenia（schizophrenia group） and 50 healthy children（control group） were enrolled in the study.Chinese Wechsler intelligence scale for children （C-WISC）,Wiscosin Cards Sorting Test （WCST）,Stroop test and Trail making test A and B（TMT-A/B） were used to measure the cognitive function.The Clinical features were assessed with the scale for positive and negative syndrome（PANSS）.Results Full intelligence quotient （FIQ）,verbal intelligence quotient （VIQ） and performance intelligence quotient （PIQ） in schizophrenia group were significantly lower than those in the control group（P ＜ 0.05）,but the change between VIQ and PIQ in schizophrenia group was higher than that in the control group（P =0.023）.The complete categories in schizophrenia group were significantly lower than that in the control group（P ＜ 0.05）.The total number of errors and the continuous errors in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P ＜0.05）.No significant difference of the random errors was observed between the schizophrenia group and the control group.The times to complete word A,color B,double-word C and double-color D in the control group were significantly less than those in the schizophrenia group（P ＜ 0.05）.The reaction time of Trail Making Test A/B and the error number of B in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P ＜ 0.05）.No significant difference of the A error numbers were observed between the 2 groups （P ＞ 0.05）.There were significant negative relationships between the negative syndrome and VIQ,PIQ（P ＜0.05） ;in contrast,there was significantly positive relationship between the negative syndrome and the A error numbers （P ＜ 0.05）.