中文摘要：

近年来,多孔炭材料因比表面积高、孔结构丰富、化学稳定性高以及导电性好等优点已成为化学、生物以及材料等领域的研究热点,被广泛应用于催化、药物负载与缓释和电化学等方面。微孔有机聚合物（Micropore organic polymers,MOPs）作为一种近年来发展迅猛的新型多孔材料,具有合成方法多样性、化学和物理性质稳定、孔结构可调、较高的比表面积以及表面易修饰等特性,较传统多孔材料（如沸石,硅胶等）具有更好的应用前景。同时,MOPs材料的热稳定性好,高温炭化可得到孔结构可调的多孔炭材料,这进一步拓展了MOPs材料的应用。本文综述了MOPs作为前驱体,利用煅烧制备多孔材料的方法及其应用,并对MOPs对多孔炭的理性设计进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Porous carbons have been a hot research area in chemistry,physics and materials owing to their high specific surface areas,plentiful pores,excellent stability and good conductivity,which have been exploited in various applications such as catalysis, drug delivery and electrochemistry. Microporous organic polymers （ MOPs） are currently an important class of porous polymers that have developed rapidly in recent years. MOPs have the advantages of good chemical and physical stability,tunable pore structure, high surface area and easy functionalization compared with traditional porous materials such as zeolite and silica gel. Because of the excellent thermal stability of MOPs, porous carbons with a tunable pore structure can be obtained by their carbonization. In this re- view,we outline how MOPs were used to make porous carbons and highlight their synthesis and applications.