中文摘要：

为了解栖息地片段化对鸟类巢捕食风险的影响,我们于2010年4-8月,在千岛湖地区选取16个岛屿,分别在岛屿边缘和内部区域用放置鸡蛋（大型卵）和鹌鹑（Coturnix japonica）蛋（小型卵）的方法进行人工模拟地面巢试验,研究不同体积大小鸟卵的巢捕食率及其差异,分析巢捕食率与岛屿面积、隔离度、形状指数和植物物种丰富度的关系。试验期间,共放置人工巢726个,卵1,452枚,其中大型卵人工巢366个、卵732枚,小型卵人工巢360个、卵720枚。结果显示：在千岛湖地区,鸟卵类型、放置位置和试验时间对巢捕食率存在显著影响。小型卵的巢捕食率（81.2%）高于大型卵（60.0%）,岛屿边缘的巢捕食率（75.1%）高于内部区域（66.1%）,试验后期的巢捕食率要高于繁殖初期。同时,岛屿面积和形状指数对巢捕食率有显著正相关关系（P〈0.05）。综上,栖息地片段化可通过边缘效应和面积效应增加鸟类的巢捕食风险,而且小型鸟类对片段化更为敏感。

英文摘要：

To investigate the effects of habitat fragmentation on avian nest predation risk,we placed 726 artificial ground nests with chicken or quail（Coturnix japonica） eggs on 16 islands in edge and interior locations in Thousand Island Lake from April to August 2010.We compared nest predation rates between nests with different egg types and between the nests located at different distances from the edge.We also evaluated the relationships between nest predation and island area,isolation,shape index and plant richness.Predation rate was higher for nests containing quail eggs（81.2%） compared to chicken eggs（60.0%）,and lower in the interior than at the edge（66.1% vs.75.1%）.Predation rate was higher in August than that in April or June.Isolation and plant richness had no relationship with nest predation rate;but island area and island shape index were positively related with nest predation rate.Our results suggest that habitat fragmentation could increase avian predation risk due to edge and area effects,and that birds with small eggs might be more sensitive to fragmentation than those with large eggs.