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中文摘要：
【目的】昼夜变温幅度对昆虫的发育、存活、寿命、繁殖等核心生命活动有非常重要的影响。以往研究主要以恒温为主,温度设置不符合自然界中昼夜温度波动变化,无法明确温度波动幅度与恒温之间的生物效应差别。【方法】本研究采用了二步变温,模拟了不同的昼夜温度波动幅度（25±2℃,25±4℃,25±6℃,25±8℃,25±10℃和25±12℃）与相应恒温25℃,研究了不同变温幅度对十字花科世界性害虫小菜蛾Plutella xylostella不同生活史阶段中发育、存活、寿命与繁殖的影响。【结果】结果表明,变温幅度对小菜蛾不同阶段的发育、存活、寿命与繁殖影响存在显著差异。25±2℃,25±4℃和25±6℃对小菜蛾生活史性状的影响与恒温（25℃）相似,但25±10℃和25±12℃却产生了显著的负面影响。【结论】我们发现,较大的昼夜变温幅度显著影响小菜蛾不同阶段的发育、存活、寿命与繁殖,而适宜夜低温在一定程度上修复了日高温胁迫对小菜蛾的不利影响;并且认为昼夜变温幅度作为影响昆虫核心生命活动一种重要决定因素,必需纳入到昆虫种群数量预测模型中,才能真实地反映自然界中复杂变温模式对昆虫生态学效应的影响,才能提高昆虫田间发生预测预报的准确性。
英文摘要：
[ Aim ] Diurnal temperature fluctuation has very important influences on the development, survival, reproduction and longevity of insects. Previous researches have focused on constant temperature. The constant temperature design is unable to reflect the diurnal temperature fluctuation in the nature, and can not quantitatively analyze the difference between fluctuating and constant temperature. [ Methods ] We investigated the effects of different diurnal alternating temperature fluctuations with the same mean temperature （25 ±0℃, 25 ±2℃, 25 ±4℃, 25 ±6℃, 25 ±8℃, 25 ±10℃, 25 ±12℃ ） on life history parameters of different developmental stages in a worldwide crnciferous pest, the diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella. [ Results ] The results showed that different temperature fluctuations had significant effects on the development, survival, longevity and reproduction of P. xylostella at different developmental stages. The life history parameters of P. xylostella at 25 ± 2℃, 25±4℃ and 25 ±6℃ were similar with those at the constant temperature （25℃） , but the fluctuating temperatures of 25 ±10℃ and 25 ± 12℃ had significantly negative effects on the life history parameters of P. xylostella . [ Conclusion] We found that wide diurnal temperature fluctuations have significant effects on P. xylosteUa, and suitable night low temperat-es offset the disadvantage effects of daily high temperature stress on P. xylostella, urna, influence factor of insects, should be considered into the predicting model of insect population dynamics, which will improve the accuracy of insect forecast in the field and really reflect the effects of diurnal temperature fluctuations on insect ecology.
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