中文摘要：

通过多种试验方法、多种频段对沉积岩、变质岩、火成岩进行干燥和有液体饱和状态的对比试验研究，得出低频时干燥岩石的衰减、色散小，相对饱和岩石而言可以忽略。饱和岩石具有衰减峰，其特征随饱和液体黏性而变化。在声频时，干燥岩石的应力-历史波形与饱和岩石相比差别较大。饱和液体的黏滞作用引起弥散和阻止卸载的后沿缓波，并随黏性增大而增强，体现了黏弹性材料特有的属性。全程西F曲线得到干燥岩石的强度大于饱和岩石，平行层理大于垂直层理的强度，具有各向异性。干燥岩石各向异性很弱，液体促进了饱和岩石各向异性的增强。低饱和度时，模量和波速随饱和度增大而降低；高饱和度时模量又随饱和度增大而增大；中等饱和度时，模量、波速基本不随饱和度变化。用PM模型中微观非经典单元在饱和液体的作用下易于被激活，导致PM空间对角密度增大，非线性增强的变化基本能解释上述试验的结果。液体对岩石非线性弹性行为的这些影响，从长期效应来看将会给重大岩石工程的安全带来隐患，必须引起足够的重视。

英文摘要：

The experimental results of dry and fluid-saturated sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and igneous rocks are compared using different methods and frequency bands. It is shown that in low frequencies, the attenuation and dispersion of dry rocks are much smaller than those of saturated rocks, which can be negligible. The attenuation peaks of saturated rocks vary with the viscosity of fluid. At acoustic frequencies, there are large differences in the stress-time curves between dry and saturated rocks. The hysteretic effect of fluid causes dispersion and encumbrances the unloading so that the curve falls more slowly. As the viscosity increases, the hysteretic effect increases, which demonstrates the unique properties of viscoelastic materials. The global stress-strain curves show that the strength of dry rocks is larger than that of saturated rocks. The strength of parallel stratifications is larger than that of vertical stratifications, which makes the rocks anisotropic. The anisotropy of dry rocks is very small, while it is enhanced by the fluids. At low saturation, the moduli and velocities of waves decrease as the saturation increases. However, at high saturation, the moduli and velocities increase with saturation. The moduli and velocities remain steady and unchanged at medium saturation area. These ＂experimental results can be explained by the fact that in PM model, the microscopic nonclassical nonlinear units are easier to be activated, leading to the increase of nonlinearity and diagonal density of PM space. These mentioned phenomena caused by the effect of fluids threaten some major rock projects so that attentions should be paid.