中文摘要：

本研究采用农民习惯施肥、实地氮素管理、实时氮素管理以及实时氮素管理基础上施用基肥，探讨了集约化农田不同氮素管理对水稻品种赣晚籼30（GWX）和博优141（BY）的产量及产量主要构成因素的影响。结果表明，与农民习惯施肥相比，不同氮素优化管理分别对水稻的产量、地上生物量、吸氮量、收获指数和氮收获指数以及穗数、每株实粒数没有显著影响。每个水稻品种的产量与生物量和吸氮量均呈极显著相关性（P〈0．01）。施用氮肥处理赣晚籼30平均产量为7．8t／hm^2，平均生物量为16．4t／hm^2，地上部平均吸氮量为N175．6kg／hm^2，博优141的平均产量为8．9t／hm^2，生物量16．1t／hm^2，吸氮量N为150．6kg／hm^2。氮肥施用后，博优141的产量、收获指数、氮收获指数、每株总粒数、实粒数显著高于赣晚籼30（P〈0．05），而博优141的吸氮量、结实率和千粒重都显著低于赣晚籼30（P〈0．05）。与农民习惯施肥相比，实时氮素管理节肥率最高，实地氮素管理节肥率最小；基肥施用具有稳产作用。总之，在当前集约化农田管理中，适量减少氮肥施用并不会影响水稻产量及其主要构成因素，但氮肥减施的可持续性有待进一步研究。

英文摘要：

The present study employed site-specific nitrogen management （SSNM）, real-time nitrogen management （RTNM） and RTNM plus basic fertilizer （RTNMB） to discuss the effect of optimum N management practices above on yield and its main formed factors between Var. Ganwanxian 30 （GWX） and Var. Boyou 141 （BY） in the intensive later-season rice agriculture. Comparing to farmer＇ s N management practice, the site-specific nitrogen management and real-time nitrogen management and RTNM plus basic fertilizer didn＇ t affect yield significantly, aboveground biomass, N uptake by aboveground, harvest index （HI） and N harvest index （NHI） in either genotype rice. The yield was significantly correlated with aboveground biomass and N uptake by aboveground （P 〈 0. 01 ）. In all N application treatments, the average of yield, aboveground biomass and N uptake was 7.8 t/ha,16.4 t/ha, and 175.6 kg/ha for GWX and 8.9 t/ha, 16. 1 t/ha, N 150. 6 kg/ha for BY. After N application, the average of yield, HI, NHI, spikelets per plant and grain per plant of BY was significantly higher than those of GWX （P 〈 0. 05 ） , while N uptake by aboveground, seed setting rate and 1000 grain weight of BY was significantly lower than those of GWX （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Comparing with farmers＇ N management practices, the saved N percentage in RTNM was largest and that in SSNM was lowest, the basic N fertilizer application can maintain the stable of high yield. In a word, under the current intensive agriculture, the yield cannot decrease if the N amount decreased from farmers＇ excessive N rate to the optimum rate, but the sustainability in the decline of N fertilizer rate need further explore in the future.