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中文摘要：
目的从黄芪药渣中分离和纯化阿拉伯木聚糖,对其基本理化性质和结构组成进行分析。方法采用分级提取法,依次除去黄芪药渣中的木质素、果胶和纤维素,获得黄芪药渣中的阿拉伯木聚糖。采用DEAE-纤维素52阴离子交换柱层析和Sephacryl S-400 HR凝胶柱对获得的阿拉伯木聚糖进行分离纯化,得到纯化后的阿拉伯木聚糖。对粗多糖的总糖含量,相对分子质量和单糖组成进行分析,对纯化后的阿拉伯木聚糖采用单糖组成、甲基化、气质联用（GC-MS）和红外光谱（IR）进行化学结构解析。结果从黄芪药渣中经1 mol/L KOH和4 mol/L KOH碱提获得的粗阿拉伯木聚糖均为杂多糖,进一步分离纯化得到了8种水溶性多糖组分。对其中一种阿拉伯木聚糖采用高效液相凝胶色谱法测得其相对分子质量为10.425 k D。结构分析表明,阿拉伯木聚糖是一种β-吡喃型杂多糖,含有鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖,其比例为0.67∶53.36∶17.56∶0.20∶0.21∶1,其高度分支化,含有的连接方式为3,4→）-Rhap-（1→,L-Araf-（1→,→4）-L-Arap-（1→,→3,4）-L-Arap-（1→,→2,4）-L-Arap-（1→,D-Xylp-（1→,→2,3,4）-D-Xylp-（1→,→4）-D-Manp-（1→,2,3→）-Glcp-（1→,D-Galp-（1→,和→6）-D-Galp-（1→。结论从黄芪药渣中提取分离得到了9种水溶性多糖组分,并初步确定了1种水溶性杂多糖的结构为阿拉伯木聚糖。
英文摘要：
Objective To extract and purify the arabinoxylans from the residue of Astragalus root,and to investigate their physicochemical properties and structural characteristics. Methods Arabinoxylans from the residue of Astragalus root were extracted by sequential chemical extraction,and purified by DEAE-Cellulose 52 anion-exchange and Sep Harcryl S-400 high resolution gel-permeation chromatography. The contents of total sugar were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The relative molecular weight was determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography（ HPGPC）,and monosaccharide compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（ GC-MS）. The structure of arabinoxylans was characterized by monosaccharide compositions analysis,methylation analysis,IR and GC-MS. Results The crude arabinoxylans（ AX-a and AX-b） isolated by 1 mol / L KOH and 4 mol / L KOH from the residue of Astragalus root were hetero-polysaccharide. Eight water-soluble arabinoxylans were isolated and purified. The relative molecular weight of AX-a-2 was 10. 425 k D. The structure of AX-a-2 was characterized to be β-pyran hetero-polysaccharide,which was mainly composed of rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,mannose,glucose and galactose,and the molar ratio of rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,mannose and glucose to galactose was 0. 67：53. 36：17. 56：0. 20：0. 21：1. It was highly branched polysaccharide,with eleven types of linkage,namely 3,4→）-Rhap-（ 1→,L-Araf-（ 1→,→4）-L-Arap-（ 1→,→3,4）-L-Arap-（ 1→,→2,4）-L-Arap-（ 1→,DXylp-（ 1→,→2,3,4）-D-Xylp-（ 1 →,→4）-D-Manp-（ 1 →,2,3 →）-Glcp-（ 1 →,D-Galp-（ 1 → 和 →6）-D-Galp-（ 1→. Conclusion Nine hemicellulose polysaccharides are separated from the the residue of Astragalus root and the structure of a water-soluble hetero-polysaccharide（ AX-a-2） is preliminarily determined to be arabinoxylans.
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