中文摘要：

磁性金属纳米管因其独特的中空结构和优异的催化、磁性及易修饰等性能,逐步发展成为一类重要的功能纳米材料,受到国内外研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了近年来模板法制备磁性金属纳米管的主要技术,如电沉积、化学沉积、湿模板、原子沉积及水热合成等,重点阐述了硬模板法制备磁性金属纳米管的特殊策略,并针对不同制备策略下的磁性金属纳米管形成机理进行了评述。另外,对硬模板法合成磁性金属纳米管建立了一个机理模型,分别从基底性能、成核环境、生长环境三方面对磁性纳米管的形成机理进行了探讨。最后简单介绍了磁性金属纳米管的性能及潜在应用,并展望了该领域的发展趋势。

英文摘要：

Magnetic metal nanotubes （MMNTs） have novel hollow structures with inner and outer active surface and special properties of catalysis, magnetism and easier modification, which gradually become an important sort of one-dimension functional nanomaterials. MMNTs exhibit potential applications in the fields of molecular devices, magnetic materials, biomedicine, etc, and have drawn wide attention during last decade. In this paper, the main strategies for fabricating MMNTs via hard templates have been summarized, including electrodeposition, chemical deposition, template wetting, atomic layer deposition and hydrothermal processing technology. The special fabricating technologies for MMNTs based on hard-template, such as channels chemical modification, muhistep template replication, high current, mercury cathode, precursor, sensitization, activation and other processing parameters, etc. are emphasized. Simultaneously, a formation mechanism for fabricating MMNTs via hard templates has been established, which contains three main aspects： substrates properties, nucleation environments and growth environments. The formation mechanisms of MMNTs under the different fabricating strategies, such as high-current-assisted-annular-substrate tubular growth, current-directed tubular growth, gas assistant tubular growth and so on, have been compared. Moreover, some other factors including the hydration layer, the mobilities of metal ions, the complexation of metal ions and current modes, also play important roles in the formation of nanotubes.Finally, the magnetic properties, the potential applications, and developing trends of MMNTs are discussed in brief.