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菲律宾蛤仔反季节高效生态养殖池中浮游植物生态特征研究

ISSN号：2095-9869
期刊名称：《渔业科学进展》
时间：0
分类：Q14[生物学—生态学;生物学—普通生物学]
作者机构：[1]集美大学水产学院福建省高校水产科学技术与食品安全重点实验室,厦门361021, [2]福建省莆田市后海围垦管理局,351166
相关基金：福建省科技计划重点项目（2009I0018）; 福建省海洋与渔业局重点项目（[2007]2-12）; 2008年度省级大学生创新性实验计划（C06234）; 集美大学水产科学技术与食品安全省高校重点实验室开放基金集美大学博士启动基金和李尚大集美大学学科建设基金（C510056）共同资助

作者：徐晓津[1], 吴成业[1], 阎希柱[1], 吴景宏[1], 简艺明[1], 黄萍萍[1], 陈银辉, 林金泰

关键词：菲律宾蛤仔, 反季节养殖, 浮游植物, 种类组成, 多样性, Ruditapes philippinarum Off-season farming PhytoplanktonSpecies composition Diversity

中文摘要：

2007～2008年在莆田后海围垦区进行菲律宾蛤仔反季节高滩位高效生态养殖,收获的菲律宾蛤仔平均规格115粒/kg,平均产量6247.5kg/hm2,较传统养殖模式提高效益28%。藻类池与养殖池浮游植物有34种,优势种主要有中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、反曲原甲藻Prorocen-trumsigmoides、利马原甲藻Prorocentrumlima、新月拟菱形藻Nitzschiella closterium、海洋原甲藻Prorocentrum micans。中肋骨条藻在不同的月份中均为最主要的优势种。不同月份各池浮游植物细胞丰度的变化范围为（0.02～190）×104cells/L。2007年11月与2008年3月浮游植物细胞丰度较高,2008年1、2月藻类细胞丰度相对较低。通过对池中水温、透明度、无机氮、无机磷、DO、浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度的分析,说明菲律宾蛤仔池大量施肥已很大程度影响了浮游植物的种类组成与细胞丰度。养殖过程中浮游植物生物多样性较好、均匀度较低、优势度高,菲律宾蛤仔适口饵料中肋骨条藻等优势种类大量繁殖,有利于提高菲律宾蛤仔的产量。

英文摘要：

The Ruditapes philippinarum high efficient eco-culture in the high-tide area of reclaimed zone of Putian city,Fujian Province was studied during 2007~2008.The average size of R.philippinarum was 115 ind./kg,and the average production was 6 247.5 kg/ha,showing a 28% increase in economic return than the traditional culture pattern.The results showed that the phytoplankton community was mainly composed of 34 species.The dominant species were Skeletonema costatum,Prorocentrum sigmoides,Prorocentrum lima,Nitzschiella closterium and Prorocentrum micans.The most dominant one was S.costatum,and the overwhelming dominance of this species lasted for more than five months.The cell abundance was between 0.02×104~190×104 cells/L in different months.High cell abundance of phytoplankton occurred in November 2007 and March 2008.Low cell abundance of phytoplankton occurred in January and February 2008.The temperature,transparency,inorganic nitrogen,inorganic phosphorus,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,species diversity values,and index of phytoplankton evenness were measured and used for analyzing the characteristics of the community structure of the phytoplankton in the study area.Long term use of fertilizers in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems had effect on the phytoplankton species composition,leading to the elevation of species diversity values and the decline of phytoplankton evenness.The dominant species were remarkable.The dominant species S.costatum,which was the favorite diet of R.philippinarum,increased rapidly,contributing to the increased yield of this clam.

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