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中文摘要：
为了快速大范围掌握捕捞努力量时空分布特点,借助北斗船位数据采用统计方法获取拖网捕捞状态的速度阈值,根据阈值判断捕捞状态点,捕捞状态点之间时间组成累计捕捞时间,累计捕捞时间与功率的乘积作为捕捞努力量,根据捕捞努力量分析拖网捕捞时空特征。2013年象山在近海拖网捕捞努力量从时间上可以分为3个时间段,即2-5月、6-9月、10-12月与1月。从空间来看捕捞努力量以象山附近的渔场为中心由高到低向外扩展,形成近似的同心圆。从拖网捕捞时间来看分为全年近海渔场、春秋季近海渔场、春秋冬外海渔场、春季或秋季周边外缘渔场。利用北斗数据提取方法计算6个网次时长,并与手工出海调查记录的时长比较,两者相对误差在5%以内。
英文摘要：
More than fifty thousand fishing vessels have installed the terminal unit of the Beidou satellite positing system since the Ministry of Agriculture of China started to construct fishing vessels monitoring system in Nansha islands in 2006. This system mainly aims to manage vessel fishing, fishery safety and emergency rescue. The data sent by the terminal unit have a temporal resolution of 3 minutes, and a spatial resolution of 10 meters. Thus, after carrying out these fishing services almost for 9 years, the system has recorded billions of historical cruising data for each vessel, such as time, position, speed, direction and rate of turn. These data can be analyzed deeply by big data mining technology. To deeply mine the fishery information from the historical data, the cooperation has been carried out between East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences （ECSFRI） and several Beidou operators. Performing statistical computations for traditional fishing effort takes much time and effort, and the macro fishing intensity cannot be accessed immediately. Through the Beidou satellite vessel position monitoring system, the position, course, speed and other information of vessels can be got and used to data mining. The information of every point position of trawlers includes speed, course, time and other information. With the information, the state of trawlers can be determined. In this paper, the speed threshold of each vessel＇s fishing condition is obtained by the statistics of navigational speed. And fishing state points can be judged by combining the speed thresholds. When the speed and course are in the range of threshold value, the trawler is in the state of fishing. The fishing effort in the grid is calculated based on the cumulative fishing time in fishing state points of each vessel. There may be many trawlers in one fishing grid. The work of one trawler in fishing is divided into many hauls. In general, a haul lasts a few hours. When a haul is over, the next haul will get
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