中文摘要：

胰腺癌早期症状及诊断缺乏特异性,治疗效果不佳。手术切除是现阶段唯一能治愈胰腺癌的手段,但疑诊此病时,多数已处于进展期,肿瘤已转移或超出手术切除范围,所以预防胰腺癌的发生和提高早期诊断率尤为重要。胰腺癌的高危因素包括男性、高龄、长期吸烟、酗酒、饮咖啡、糖尿病、慢性胰腺炎、遗传因素、肥胖、非家族性高血脂、高热量饮食、职业暴露等。多项研究表明胰腺癌的发生与K-ras基因突变密切相关,且在具有高易感性患者中k-ras突变率很高。本文就检测K-ras突变对胰腺癌的诊断价值、癌前病变中的K-ras突变情况及高危因素与K-ras突变发生的关系作一综述。

英文摘要：

The early symptoms and laboratory findings of pancreatic cancer are nonspecific and the outcome of victims are poor.Currently surgical resection is the only means for cure.When pancreatic cancer is clinically suspected,it is usually non-resectable due to metastasis.So prevention and early diagnosis are especially important for pancreatic cancer.The risk factors of pancreatic cancer include male sex,old age,long-term smoking,coffee consumption,alcohol abuse,diabetes,chronic pancreatitis,hereditary factors,obesity,non-familial hypercholesterolemia,high caloric intake,and environmental factors.Many studies have indicated that pancreatic cancer is closely related to K-ras mutations,and patients with high susceptibility have a higher probability of K-ras mutations.This paper reviews the value of K-ras mutation in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,K-ras mutation in pre-cancerous lesions,and the relation between high-risk factors and K-ras mutations.