中文摘要：

为探索资料稀疏地区小尺度径流的空间差异,2013年8月14—23日,对青海省黄南州50多条10-100 km2级别的河流进行了一次流量监测,并进行了时间升尺度和成因的探索。结果发现：（1）小流域日流量模数差异最大可达20多倍,降水条件相似的邻近河流,最大差异可达4倍以上;（2）研究区3处中等尺度水文站平水期存在良好的径流同步性,借助这一特性,可以将小流域的日尺度径流特征推绎到年尺度;（3）小尺度上,降水、坡度是径流空间差异的主导因素,构建的降水-降水损失-坡度径流模型,为实现当地的径流空间尺度转换提供了一座＂桥梁＂。

英文摘要：

Meso-and large-scale hydrological measurements cannot indicate the spatial difference of small watershed.For exploring the spatial difference of small-scale runoff,the fifty rivers in Huangnan,Qinghai with the sampled area in 10—100 km2 are measured on August 14 to 23,2013. Moreover,the temporal upscaling are also conducted. The results show that the differences of daily discharge modulus could be 20 times higher. It could be more than 4 times even for the regions with similar precipitation. We find the runoff synchronicity in normal season for 3 stations with meso-scale measurements. Based on this character,the daily runoff properity can be deduced to annual time scale. The precipitation and slope could play a dominant role in the spatial difference of small-scale runoff. The reconstructed precipitation,precipitation loss and slope runoff model in this study can provide a useful tool in spatial scale conversion and accuracy improvement of hydrological analysis.