中文摘要：

病原微生物严重威胁着人类的健康安全,纳米银作为一种新型抗菌材料,其制备与应用已成为纳米材料领域的研究热点。本文综述了纳米银的主要合成方法,包括多糖法、Tollens试剂法、辐射法、生物法和多金属氧酸盐法等,具有原料广泛、反应温和、成本低廉和环境友好等优点。基于纳米银的优异抗菌性能,总结了纳米银的抗菌机理及其抗菌应用,并展望了纳米银在抗菌涂料、抗菌包装等领域的发展前景。

英文摘要：

Pathogenic microorganism is a serious threat to human health.As a novel kind of antibacterial materials,silver nanoparticles involving their preparation approaches and applications are of great research interest in the field of nanomaterials.This review summarized a summary of synthesis methods of silver nanoparticles,including polysaccharide,Tollens,irradiation,biological and polyoxometalates,which enjoy numerous advantages such as wide range of raw materials,gentle reaction condition,low-cost and environmental-friendly and etc..Furthermore,based on the antibacterial property of silver nanoparticles,the antibacterial mechanism and applications were described.The development of silver nanoparticles in antibacterial application was also prospected,such as antibacterial coating and antibacterial packaging.