中文摘要：

以厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种物,通过185 d的运行,成功启动了上流式厌氧氨氧化污泥床（Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket,UASB）反应器。反应器的进水氨氮与亚硝氮浓度分别提升至224 mg/L和255 mg/L,容积氮去除速率提升至3.76 kg/（m3·d）。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜和透射电镜等对厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥的性状进行观察,发现颗粒污泥在启动过程中经历了污泥颗粒裂解到污泥颗粒重组的过程,且厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥表面含有丰富的官能团,说明厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥可能具有良好的吸附性能。采用宏基因组测序的方法对启动前后颗粒污泥的生态结构进行分析,发现原接种污泥优势菌群（变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门）丰度大幅减少,厌氧氨氧化菌所属的浮霉状菌门丰度则由1.59%提升到23.24%。

英文摘要：

The anaerobic granular sludge from an Internal Circulation（IC） reactor of a paper mill wastewater treatment plant were seeded in an Anammox upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. After 185 days operation, the reactor was finally started up by increasing the influent ammonium and nitrite concentrations to 224 mg/L and 255 mg/L, respectively, with volumetric nitrogen removal rate increasing to 3.76 kg/（m3·d）. The physicochemical characteristics of the cultivated Anammox granules were observed by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）. Results suggested that during the start-up course, the granular sludge initially disintegrated and then re-aggregated. FTIR spectra results revealed that the Anammox granular sludge contained abundant functional groups, indicating that it may also possess good adsorption properties. The ecological structure of the granular sludge, analyzed by the metagenomic sequencing methods, suggested that the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial community in the seeding sludge, i.e., Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, significantly reduced, while Planctomycetes which contains anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria remarkably increased from 1.59% to 23.24% in the Anammox granules.