中文摘要：

调查了煤岩体的孔隙裂隙的观察描述方法以及物理测试方法，并对各种方法原理、适用条件、应用现状进行了综述。密度法能得到煤的孔隙率，压汞法、氮气吸附法、小角度X射线散射法、核磁共振法可分析煤的孔隙率、孔径分布、孔容积、比表面积等信息。透射电子显微镜适合研究煤的超微孔隙结构，计算机层析扫描法、声发射以及电磁辐射探测技术可研究煤岩体在各种受力条件下的损伤破坏。

英文摘要：

Surveyed the observation and description methods, physical testing means of pore and fractures for coal and rock, summarized operating principle, applicability, present application status for various methods. Density calculation can get porosity, mercury intrusion method, nitrogen absorption method, small-angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance can obtain porosity, pore size distribution, pore volume, specific surface area, etc. Transmission electron microscope fits to study supermicroporosity. Computerized tomography, acoustic emission and electromagnetic emission detection technique can explore coal and rock damage.