中文摘要：

分子印迹技术是一种简便易行的合成人工受体的新方法。由其制备的分子印迹聚合物不仅对模板分子具有优良的亲和性与专一选择性，而且还具有制备容易、稳定性高、成本低等优点，因而在众多领域显示出巨大的应用前景。分子印迹研究的目标是制备具有与天然生物受体（如抗体）的亲和性与选择性可媲美的分子印迹聚合物，并在实际应用中最终取代生物受体。而如何制备适于水溶液体系的分子印迹聚合物是目前该研究领域中的一个挑战性的难题。本文对近年来分子印迹聚合物水相识别体系的研究现状进行了综述，并重点介绍了本课题组在该领域的研究进展。

英文摘要：

The molecular imprinting technique can be defined as the formation of specific nano-sized cavities by means of the facile template-directed synthesis. The resulting molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs） are characterized by their high affinity and specificity, easy preparation, and good thermal and chemical stability, which makes them highly promising in many potential applications, including their use for separation and isolation purposes, as antibody mimics （biomimetic assays and sensors）, as enzyme mimics, in organic synthesis, in drug delivery, and in biomedicine. The ultimate goal of the molecular imprinting research is to prepare MIPs with an affinity and a selectivity approaching those of the biological receptors such as antibodies and eventually replace them in real applications. Among various problems associated with the presently developed MIPs, the facile and efficient preparation of MIPs applicable in aqueous solutions remains a challenging task. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in the development of such advanced water-compatible MIPs, with an emphasis on our strategies to solve this problem.